美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府关于技术繁荣协议的谅解备忘录
来源：白宫 (White House) | 时间：2026-10-29
美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府（以下简称“参与者”），表达了对科学技术能力和标准的共同兴趣，以迎接下一个创新黄金时代，为子孙后代巩固自由和繁荣，确认双边科学技术的价值[…]美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府关于技术繁荣协议的谅解备忘录首先出现在白宫。
发布
美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府关于技术繁荣协议的谅解备忘录
白宫
2026 年 10 月 29 日
美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府（以下简称“双方”），
表达了对科学技术能力和标准的共同兴趣，以迎接下一个创新黄金时代，为子孙后代巩固自由和繁荣，
确认双边科技合作对于丰富两国公民的生活和生计以及将美国-芬兰联盟提升到更高水平的价值，
以1995年5月16日在华盛顿签订的《美利坚合众国政府和芬兰共和国政府之间科学技术合作现有协定》所建立的长期合作为基础，
注意到《美国和芬兰关于量子信息科学技术合作的联合声明》和《美国和芬兰关于先进无线通信合作的联合声明》，
认识到深化与战略伙伴关系作为加强稳定、安全和竞争力的手段的重要性，
达成以下谅解：
一、目的
本谅解备忘录（以下简称“MOU”）的目的是为了在战略科学和技术学科领域实现共同利益的合作机会，重点是加强产业合作，加快新兴技术的开发、部署和采用，以推动下一代全球互联互通、确保量子优势、推进能源领导地位、开发先进半导体、加强太空合作、推进开放和安全的超级智能（SI）堆栈、加速安全生物技术创新、加强研究和工业安全、推进造船现代化和北极技术合作。 [1]
二.合作领域
参与者的目标是在多个学科领域进行合作，包括但不限于以下领域：
加速 SI 和连接领域可信技术堆栈的开发和传播
认识到安全可信的技术基础设施对经济繁荣和国家安全的重要性，参与者打算深化合作，推进下一代SI和网络技术。参与者打算在电信研发方面进行合作，促进和资助可信技术堆栈的出口，并协调国际标准的开发。
重点合作领域包括：
促进整个SI和网络技术堆栈的开发和出口，包括硬件、模型、软件、应用程序、网络设备、维护、长期客户支持和相关标准；
合作为值得信赖的技术堆栈出口提供融资，并通过酌情协调适用的美国和芬兰融资和商业外交工具来提供客户支持，以加速在第三方国家的采用，以支持在优先第三国市场的竞争性部署；
通过协调参与国际标准机构（包括国际电信联盟、全球电信联盟）以及与 3GPP 行业的合作，根据共同优先事项制定电信标准；
在国际电联所有主要决策会议（包括 2027 年世界无线电通信大会和 2026 年国际电联全权代表会议）之前合作制定决议；
加强5G、6G及下一代通信技术的现有研发，加快从研发到商业和工业部署的路径，加强产业合作；和
构建可信、安全、可互操作的 5G 和 6G 供应链，并倡导加速采用可信连接基础设施的政策。
确保量子优势
参与者认识到，量子技术有望在经济和国家安全领域带来变革性进步。量子创新的持续领先地位取决于安全的供应链、强大的研究和工业生态系统以及值得信赖的合作伙伴之间的密切合作。参与者打算深化合作，加速量子技术的开发、商业化和负责任的部署，以促进繁荣和安全。
重点合作领域包括：
通过领先的量子机构和国家实验室合作，评估量子性能、开发量子算法并实现科学发现，包括推进混合量子经典计算；
通过芬兰和美国的监管协调工作和有针对性的投资，加速低温技术、精密仪器和半导体工艺工程公司的商业部署；
通过对量子制造的联合研究和投资，支持下一代科学家和工程师的发展；
协调努力确保技术和供应链的安全，并为新量子技术的研究、开发和采用建立一个值得信赖的生态系统；
加强美国和芬兰利益相关者之间的信息共享途径并建立商业管道，以加速量子技术的商业化并加强两个商业量子生态系统之间的协调；
通过协调重点关注安全量子供应链的工作，并通报量子发展小组（QDG）、多边量子对话（MDQ）和北约跨大西洋量子共同体（TQC）参与的协调参与，合作开发可信量子生态系统；
通过与量子计算、传感和网络相关的现有互补性多边和双边预标准化活动，推进量子技术的可信、可互操作标准；和
支持和倡导采用后量子密码标准，支持系统向这些标准迁移，推进加密技术能力的研发和商业合作，加强网络安全公司在该领域的贸易和出口。
释放能源创新和弹性
参与者正在加强合作，推进安全、有弹性和多元化的能源系统。我们正在共同扩大 SMR 开发和部署、核裂变研发、地热和能源弹性方面的能源合作，以支持下一代能源基础设施的创新和可靠部署。
重点合作领域包括：
加强民用核能合作，加快美国和芬兰核反应堆（包括小型模块化反应堆）的开发和商业部署，并扩大监管协调合作；
推进核生命周期创新合作，包括处置库工程、废核燃料封装、核监测技术和SI支持的地质建模；
推进地热技术合作，包括先进钻探、地下表征和增强型地热系统的研究、开发和部署；
推动先进能源系统安全供应的发展，包括大宗电力元件和储能装置；
推进无稀土磁体、高效电机、先进电池、先进材料等先进制造业合作；
推进聚变技术合作
[正文过长，已截取前部进行翻译]
美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府关于技术繁荣协议的谅解备忘录
白宫
2026 年 10 月 29 日
美利坚合众国政府和芬兰政府（以下简称“双方”），
表达了对科学技术能力和标准的共同兴趣，以迎接下一个创新黄金时代，为子孙后代巩固自由和繁荣，
确认双边科技合作对于丰富两国公民的生活和生计以及将美国-芬兰联盟提升到更高水平的价值，
以1995年5月16日在华盛顿签订的《美利坚合众国政府和芬兰共和国政府之间科学技术合作现有协定》所建立的长期合作为基础，
注意到《美国和芬兰关于量子信息科学技术合作的联合声明》和《美国和芬兰关于先进无线通信合作的联合声明》，
认识到深化与战略伙伴关系作为加强稳定、安全和竞争力的手段的重要性，
达成以下谅解：
一、目的
本谅解备忘录（以下简称“MOU”）的目的是为了在战略科学和技术学科领域实现共同利益的合作机会，重点是加强产业合作，加快新兴技术的开发、部署和采用，以推动下一代全球互联互通、确保量子优势、推进能源领导地位、开发先进半导体、加强太空合作、推进开放和安全的超级智能（SI）堆栈、加速安全生物技术创新、加强研究和工业安全、推进造船现代化和北极技术合作。 [1]
二.合作领域
参与者的目标是在多个学科领域进行合作，包括但不限于以下领域：
加速 SI 和连接领域可信技术堆栈的开发和传播
认识到安全可信的技术基础设施对经济繁荣和国家安全的重要性，参与者打算深化合作，推进下一代SI和网络技术。参与者打算在电信研发方面进行合作，促进和资助可信技术堆栈的出口，并协调国际标准的开发。
重点合作领域包括：
促进整个SI和网络技术堆栈的开发和出口，包括硬件、模型、软件、应用程序、网络设备、维护、长期客户支持和相关标准；
合作为值得信赖的技术堆栈出口提供融资，并通过酌情协调适用的美国和芬兰融资和商业外交工具来提供客户支持，以加速在第三方国家的采用，以支持在优先第三国市场的竞争性部署；
通过协调参与国际标准机构（包括国际电信联盟、全球电信联盟）以及与 3GPP 行业的合作，根据共同优先事项制定电信标准；
在国际电联所有主要决策会议（包括 2027 年世界无线电通信大会和 2026 年国际电联全权代表会议）之前合作制定决议；
加强5G、6G及下一代通信技术的现有研发，加快从研发到商业和工业部署的路径，加强产业合作；和
构建可信、安全、可互操作的 5G 和 6G 供应链，并倡导加速采用可信连接基础设施的政策。
确保量子优势
参与者认识到，量子技术有望在经济和国家安全领域带来变革性进步。量子创新的持续领先地位取决于安全的供应链、强大的研究和工业生态系统以及值得信赖的合作伙伴之间的密切合作。参与者打算深化合作，加速量子技术的开发、商业化和负责任的部署，以促进繁荣和安全。
重点合作领域包括：
通过领先的量子机构和国家实验室合作，评估量子性能、开发量子算法并实现科学发现，包括推进混合量子经典计算；
通过芬兰和美国的监管协调工作和有针对性的投资，加速低温技术、精密仪器和半导体工艺工程公司的商业部署；
通过对量子制造的联合研究和投资，支持下一代科学家和工程师的发展；
协调努力确保技术和供应链的安全，并为新量子技术的研究、开发和采用建立一个值得信赖的生态系统；
加强美国和芬兰利益相关者之间的信息共享途径并建立商业管道，以加速量子技术的商业化并加强两个商业量子生态系统之间的协调；
通过协调重点关注安全量子供应链的工作，并通报量子发展小组（QDG）、多边量子对话（MDQ）和北约跨大西洋量子共同体（TQC）参与的协调参与，合作开发可信量子生态系统；
通过与量子计算、传感和网络相关的现有互补性多边和双边预标准化活动，推进量子技术的可信、可互操作标准；和
支持和倡导采用后量子密码标准，支持系统向这些标准迁移，推进加密技术能力的研发和商业合作，加强网络安全公司在该领域的贸易和出口。
释放能源创新和弹性
参与者正在加强合作，推进安全、有弹性和多元化的能源系统。我们正在共同扩大 SMR 开发和部署、核裂变研发、地热和能源弹性方面的能源合作，以支持下一代能源基础设施的创新和可靠部署。
重点合作领域包括：
加强民用核能合作，加快美国和芬兰核反应堆（包括小型模块化反应堆）的开发和商业部署，并扩大监管协调合作；
推进核生命周期创新合作，包括处置库工程、废核燃料封装、核监测技术和SI支持的地质建模；
推进地热技术合作，包括先进钻探、地下表征和增强型地热系统的研究、开发和部署；
推动先进能源系统安全供应的发展，包括大宗电力元件和储能装置；
推进无稀土磁体、高效电机、先进电池、先进材料等先进制造业合作；
推进聚变技术合作
[正文过长，已截取前部进行翻译]
Releases
Memorandum of Understanding Between The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Finland Regarding the Technology Prosperity Deal
The White House
October 29, 2026
The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Finland (hereinafter referred to as the “Participants”),
Expressing mutual interest in science and technology capabilities and standards to usher in the next Golden Age of Innovation to fortify freedom and prosperity for generations to come,
Affirming the value of bilateral science and technology collaboration to enrich the lives and livelihoods of citizens in both countries, and to elevate the U.S.-Finland Alliance to a higher level,
Building on the longstanding collaboration established under the existing Agreement Relating to Scientific and Technological Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Finland, done at Washington May 16, 1995,
Taking note of the Joint Statement of the United States and Finland on Cooperation in Quantum Information Science and Technology and also the Joint Statement of the United States and Finland on Cooperation in Advanced Wireless Communications, and
Recognizing the importance of deepening ties with strategic partners as a means to strengthen stability, security, and competitiveness,
Have reached the following understandings:
I. Purpose
The purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter “MOU”) is to enable collaboration towards joint opportunities of mutual interest in strategic science and technology disciplines with a focus on strengthening industrial cooperation and accelerating the development, deployment, and adoption of emerging technologies to power the next generation of global connectivity, secure quantum advantage, advance energy leadership, develop advanced semiconductors, strengthen space collaboration, advance an open and secure super intelligence (SI) stack, accelerate secure biotechnology innovation, strengthen research and industrial security, and advance shipbuilding modernization and Arctic technology cooperation. [1]
II. Areas of Cooperation
The Participants aim to collaborate in a number of disciplines, including but not limited to the following:
Accelerating Development and Diffusion of the Trusted Technology Stack in SI and Connectivity
Recognizing the importance of secure and trusted technology infrastructure to economic prosperity and national security, the Participants intend to deepen cooperation to advance next-generation SI and network technologies. The Participants intend to collaborate on telecommunications R&D, promote and finance the export of trusted technology stacks, and coordinate on international standards development.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Promoting development and exports across the full SI and network technology stack, including hardware, models, software, applications, network equipment, maintenance, long-term customer support, and related standards;
Partnering to finance trusted technology stack exports and to provide customer support to accelerate adoption in third-party countries by coordinating, as appropriate, applicable U.S. and Finnish financing and commercial diplomacy tools to support competitive deployments in priority third-country markets;
Shaping telecommunications standards in line with shared priorities through coordinated engagement in international standards bodies including the International Telecommunication Union, the Global Coalition on Telecommunications, and partnership with industry at 3GPP;
Collaborating to shape resolutions in advance of all major ITU decision-making conferences, including the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference and 2026 ITU Plenipotentiary;
Strengthening existing research and development in 5G and 6G and next-generation communication technologies through accelerated pathways from research and development to commercial and industrial deployment, and strengthened industrial cooperation; and
Building trusted, secure, interoperable 5G and 6G supply chains and advocating for policies that accelerate adoption of trusted connectivity infrastructure.
Securing Quantum Advantage
The Participants recognize that quantum technologies are poised to deliver transformative advances across economic and national security domains. Sustained leadership in quantum innovation depends on secure supply chains, strong research and industrial ecosystems, and close collaboration between trusted partners. The Participants intend to deepen cooperation to accelerate the development, commercialization, and responsible deployment of quantum technologies in ways that enhance prosperity and security.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Collaborating through leading quantum institutions and national laboratories to assess quantum performance, develop quantum algorithms, and enable scientific discovery, including by advancing hybrid quantum-classical computing;
Accelerating commercial deployment of cryogenics, precision instrumentation and semiconductor process engineering firms through regulatory harmonization efforts and targeted investments in Finland and in the United States;
Supporting the development of the next generation of scientists and engineers through joint research and investments into quantum manufacturing;
Aligning efforts to secure technology and supply chains and to build a trusted ecosystem for the research, development, and adoption of new quantum technologies;
Strengthening pathways for information sharing and establishing commercial pipelines between U.S. and Finnish stakeholders to accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies and bolster the alignment between the two commercial quantum ecosystems;
Cooperating on trusted quantum ecosystem development by aligning efforts focused on secure quantum supply chains and informing coordinated engagement in Quantum Development Group (QDG), Multilateral Dialogue on Quantum (MDQ), and NATO Transatlantic Quantum Community (TQC) engagement;
Advancing trusted, interoperable standards for quantum technologies through existing complementary multilateral and bilateral pre-standardization activities as relevant in quantum computing, sensing, and networking; and
Endorsing and advocating for the adoption of Post-Quantum Cryptographic standards and supporting the migration of systems to those standards, as well as advancing R&D and commercial cooperation in encryption technology capabilities and strengthening trade and exports in the sector by cyber security companies.
Unlocking Energy Innovation and Resilience
The Participants are strengthening cooperation to advance secure, resilient and diversified energy systems. Together we are expanding energy collaboration across SMR development and deployment, nuclear fission R&D, geothermal, and energy resilience, to support innovation and the reliable deployment of next-generation energy infrastructure.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Strengthening civil nuclear energy cooperation to accelerate the development and commercial deployment of American and Finnish nuclear reactors, including small modular reactors (SMRs), and expand collaboration on regulatory harmonization;
Advancing cooperation on nuclear lifecycle innovation including repository engineering, encapsulation of used nuclear fuel, nuclear monitoring technologies and SI-enabled geologic modeling;
Advancing collaboration on geothermal technologies including the research, development and deployment of advanced drilling, subsurface characterization, and enhanced geothermal systems;
Advancing development of the secure supply of advanced energy systems, including bulk power components and energy storage devices;
Advancing cooperation on advanced manufacturing including rare-earth-free magnets, high-efficiency motors, advanced batteries, and advanced materials;
Advancing cooperation on fusion technologies such as fusion fuel cycle and blanket integration systems, neutronics modeling, and fusion materials; and
Promoting innovation in critical minerals technologies including the sensing, characterization, extraction, processing and recovery of critical minerals and advanced materials essential to energy systems.
Strengthening Space Collaboration
Recognizing that bilateral cooperation on space benefits both countries’ national interests, the Participants intend to deepen cooperation and engage in dialogue on space security, space exploration, and space technology research, development, and commercialization.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Continuing the partnership on space science and exploration, including potential collaboration on future Artemis lunar surface exploration missions and beyond;
Facilitating cooperation between commercial actors from the United States and Finland, supporting growth of space companies from both countries and building on complementary strengths;
Facilitating commercial and civil space cooperation by addressing regulatory burdens on commercial space activities and advocating for policies that can adapt to technical development, business innovation, and market demands; and
Leveraging our geostrategic locations as space nations to promote Arctic security and prosperity.
Advancing Defense Innovation
Building on the above-mentioned areas with dual-use applications and the existing defense agreements, the Participants intend to pursue joint research projects, conduct pilot activities, and explore pathways for scaling promising technologies from research and demonstration to operational and industrial deployment.
Advancing Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Advanced Material Innovation
Recognizing the importance of advancing biotechnological research, including in biomedical and biomanufacturing fields, accelerating materials innovation through super intelligence, and securing biotechnology and health supply chains, the Participants intend to:
Leverage insights derived from nationally governed health and research data infrastructures to advance precision medicine research and clinical research readiness, while reinforcing shared commitments to research and industrial security, trusted data infrastructure, and resilience against adversary-linked dependencies;
Strengthen research and development and accelerate innovation and adoption of new solutions rooted in biotechnology broadly across supply chains and ecosystems; and
Enhance research that combines computational, experimental, and data-based capabilities to accelerate the discovery, design, and validation of new materials.
Advancing Arctic Technology and Operational Capability
Recognizing the strategic importance of the Arctic to shared security, prosperity, and resilience, the Participants intend to support close collaboration on Arctic operations, ice navigation, maritime domain awareness, cold-weather testing, and enabling technologies. Recognizing Finland’s established leadership in icebreaker design and construction, the Participants intend to collaborate on icebreaker modernization efforts and related shipyard and workforce development.
The Participants intend to accelerate industrial cooperation and to modernize the United States’ icebreaker fleet under ICE Pact, leveraging Finnish expertise to support the secure and timely design, construction, and delivery of next-generation Arctic Security Cutters (ASCs). Expanding this framework, the Participants intend to explore possibilities to deepen their collaboration in ship design and shipbuilding technologies, processes, and shipyard management. Furthermore, the Participants intend to jointly invest in enabling technologies such as SI-driven manufacturing, ice technology, unmanned systems, and space-enabled situational awareness.
The Participants recognize the strategic importance of advancing Arctic connectivity including both satellite and submarine communication services. The Participants intend to advocate policies and commercial cooperation that enhance satellite coverage at high latitudes and support the establishment of subsea communication cables in the Arctic region, thereby strengthening connectivity between North America and Northern Europe and, eventually, the Indo-Pacific region.
Strengthening Security in Research and Industry
Recognizing the importance of shared research integrity and security across critical and emerging technology research and development, the Participants intend to strengthen continued collaboration to protect their technologies, their critical supply chains, and their people. The Participants intend to collaborate on research and industry security, and to identify and mitigate threats to both the research enterprise and private sector research and development.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Strengthening security in research and industry through intellectual property security, investment screening, and partnerships;
Building trusted science and innovation ecosystems by mitigating high-risk entity participation in sensitive science and technology R&D activities;
Strengthening safeguards and enforcement mechanisms for government-funded research and talent programs by enhancing disclosure of foreign funding and affiliations in order to mitigate and address security risks related to partnerships with entities of shared security concerns;
Establishing a bilateral research security dialogue and information exchange on threats, cases, risk assessments, mitigation efforts, and entities of security concern;
Collaborating with allies and partners to adopt enhanced research security practices to facilitate a trusted innovation ecosystem;
Enhancing transparency and due diligence across the innovation ecosystem by strengthening vetting of research institutions, researchers, partnerships, and funding and implementing safeguards against foreign interference and malign talent recruitment; and
Applying shared research integrity and security principles across TPD workstreams to guide collaboration, protect sensitive R&D activities, and inform future research and industrial security programming.
III. Operation and Discontinuation
1. This MOU becomes operative on the date of the last signature. The Participants may modify this MOU by written mutual decision. Either Participant may discontinue this MOU at any time by providing written notice of discontinuation to the other Participant. The discontinuation is expected to commence on a date 180 days after the date on which notice of discontinuation is delivered. The Participants intend to advance the implementation of the MOU through the Joint Committee Meeting mechanism. The Participants intend to leverage, as appropriate, the Science and Technology Agreement as an operational framework for implementation of this MOU.
2. This MOU does not constitute or create and is not intended to constitute or create any legally binding obligations. Nothing in this MOU is intended to alter or affect any existing agreements between the Participants.
3. Cooperation under this MOU is intended to take place in accordance with the Participants’ applicable national legislation and international obligations, including, for Finland, applicable current and future European Union coordination, laws, and regulations, and without prejudice to the Participants’ respective regulatory processes.
4. Nothing in this MOU commits the Participants to the expenditure of funds.
5. Activities involving personal data are intended to comply with applicable data-protection frameworks. Nothing in this MOU authorizes the disclosure or transfer of classified, controlled, confidential business, or proprietary information. Matters involving the ownership, protection, access, use, licensing, or commercialization of intellectual property are expected to be addressed through separate implementing arrangements or project-specific agreements, as appropriate.
6. The foregoing represents the understanding reached between the Participants on the matters referred to in this MOU.
Signed in Washington, D.C. on October 29 in English.
[1] In Finland, ‘super intelligence’ refers to ‘artificial intelligence’
Memorandum of Understanding Between The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Finland Regarding the Technology Prosperity Deal
The White House
October 29, 2026
The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Finland (hereinafter referred to as the “Participants”),
Expressing mutual interest in science and technology capabilities and standards to usher in the next Golden Age of Innovation to fortify freedom and prosperity for generations to come,
Affirming the value of bilateral science and technology collaboration to enrich the lives and livelihoods of citizens in both countries, and to elevate the U.S.-Finland Alliance to a higher level,
Building on the longstanding collaboration established under the existing Agreement Relating to Scientific and Technological Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Finland, done at Washington May 16, 1995,
Taking note of the Joint Statement of the United States and Finland on Cooperation in Quantum Information Science and Technology and also the Joint Statement of the United States and Finland on Cooperation in Advanced Wireless Communications, and
Recognizing the importance of deepening ties with strategic partners as a means to strengthen stability, security, and competitiveness,
Have reached the following understandings:
I. Purpose
The purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter “MOU”) is to enable collaboration towards joint opportunities of mutual interest in strategic science and technology disciplines with a focus on strengthening industrial cooperation and accelerating the development, deployment, and adoption of emerging technologies to power the next generation of global connectivity, secure quantum advantage, advance energy leadership, develop advanced semiconductors, strengthen space collaboration, advance an open and secure super intelligence (SI) stack, accelerate secure biotechnology innovation, strengthen research and industrial security, and advance shipbuilding modernization and Arctic technology cooperation. [1]
II. Areas of Cooperation
The Participants aim to collaborate in a number of disciplines, including but not limited to the following:
Accelerating Development and Diffusion of the Trusted Technology Stack in SI and Connectivity
Recognizing the importance of secure and trusted technology infrastructure to economic prosperity and national security, the Participants intend to deepen cooperation to advance next-generation SI and network technologies. The Participants intend to collaborate on telecommunications R&D, promote and finance the export of trusted technology stacks, and coordinate on international standards development.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Promoting development and exports across the full SI and network technology stack, including hardware, models, software, applications, network equipment, maintenance, long-term customer support, and related standards;
Partnering to finance trusted technology stack exports and to provide customer support to accelerate adoption in third-party countries by coordinating, as appropriate, applicable U.S. and Finnish financing and commercial diplomacy tools to support competitive deployments in priority third-country markets;
Shaping telecommunications standards in line with shared priorities through coordinated engagement in international standards bodies including the International Telecommunication Union, the Global Coalition on Telecommunications, and partnership with industry at 3GPP;
Collaborating to shape resolutions in advance of all major ITU decision-making conferences, including the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference and 2026 ITU Plenipotentiary;
Strengthening existing research and development in 5G and 6G and next-generation communication technologies through accelerated pathways from research and development to commercial and industrial deployment, and strengthened industrial cooperation; and
Building trusted, secure, interoperable 5G and 6G supply chains and advocating for policies that accelerate adoption of trusted connectivity infrastructure.
Securing Quantum Advantage
The Participants recognize that quantum technologies are poised to deliver transformative advances across economic and national security domains. Sustained leadership in quantum innovation depends on secure supply chains, strong research and industrial ecosystems, and close collaboration between trusted partners. The Participants intend to deepen cooperation to accelerate the development, commercialization, and responsible deployment of quantum technologies in ways that enhance prosperity and security.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Collaborating through leading quantum institutions and national laboratories to assess quantum performance, develop quantum algorithms, and enable scientific discovery, including by advancing hybrid quantum-classical computing;
Accelerating commercial deployment of cryogenics, precision instrumentation and semiconductor process engineering firms through regulatory harmonization efforts and targeted investments in Finland and in the United States;
Supporting the development of the next generation of scientists and engineers through joint research and investments into quantum manufacturing;
Aligning efforts to secure technology and supply chains and to build a trusted ecosystem for the research, development, and adoption of new quantum technologies;
Strengthening pathways for information sharing and establishing commercial pipelines between U.S. and Finnish stakeholders to accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies and bolster the alignment between the two commercial quantum ecosystems;
Cooperating on trusted quantum ecosystem development by aligning efforts focused on secure quantum supply chains and informing coordinated engagement in Quantum Development Group (QDG), Multilateral Dialogue on Quantum (MDQ), and NATO Transatlantic Quantum Community (TQC) engagement;
Advancing trusted, interoperable standards for quantum technologies through existing complementary multilateral and bilateral pre-standardization activities as relevant in quantum computing, sensing, and networking; and
Endorsing and advocating for the adoption of Post-Quantum Cryptographic standards and supporting the migration of systems to those standards, as well as advancing R&D and commercial cooperation in encryption technology capabilities and strengthening trade and exports in the sector by cyber security companies.
Unlocking Energy Innovation and Resilience
The Participants are strengthening cooperation to advance secure, resilient and diversified energy systems. Together we are expanding energy collaboration across SMR development and deployment, nuclear fission R&D, geothermal, and energy resilience, to support innovation and the reliable deployment of next-generation energy infrastructure.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Strengthening civil nuclear energy cooperation to accelerate the development and commercial deployment of American and Finnish nuclear reactors, including small modular reactors (SMRs), and expand collaboration on regulatory harmonization;
Advancing cooperation on nuclear lifecycle innovation including repository engineering, encapsulation of used nuclear fuel, nuclear monitoring technologies and SI-enabled geologic modeling;
Advancing collaboration on geothermal technologies including the research, development and deployment of advanced drilling, subsurface characterization, and enhanced geothermal systems;
Advancing development of the secure supply of advanced energy systems, including bulk power components and energy storage devices;
Advancing cooperation on advanced manufacturing including rare-earth-free magnets, high-efficiency motors, advanced batteries, and advanced materials;
Advancing cooperation on fusion technologies such as fusion fuel cycle and blanket integration systems, neutronics modeling, and fusion materials; and
Promoting innovation in critical minerals technologies including the sensing, characterization, extraction, processing and recovery of critical minerals and advanced materials essential to energy systems.
Strengthening Space Collaboration
Recognizing that bilateral cooperation on space benefits both countries’ national interests, the Participants intend to deepen cooperation and engage in dialogue on space security, space exploration, and space technology research, development, and commercialization.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Continuing the partnership on space science and exploration, including potential collaboration on future Artemis lunar surface exploration missions and beyond;
Facilitating cooperation between commercial actors from the United States and Finland, supporting growth of space companies from both countries and building on complementary strengths;
Facilitating commercial and civil space cooperation by addressing regulatory burdens on commercial space activities and advocating for policies that can adapt to technical development, business innovation, and market demands; and
Leveraging our geostrategic locations as space nations to promote Arctic security and prosperity.
Advancing Defense Innovation
Building on the above-mentioned areas with dual-use applications and the existing defense agreements, the Participants intend to pursue joint research projects, conduct pilot activities, and explore pathways for scaling promising technologies from research and demonstration to operational and industrial deployment.
Advancing Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Advanced Material Innovation
Recognizing the importance of advancing biotechnological research, including in biomedical and biomanufacturing fields, accelerating materials innovation through super intelligence, and securing biotechnology and health supply chains, the Participants intend to:
Leverage insights derived from nationally governed health and research data infrastructures to advance precision medicine research and clinical research readiness, while reinforcing shared commitments to research and industrial security, trusted data infrastructure, and resilience against adversary-linked dependencies;
Strengthen research and development and accelerate innovation and adoption of new solutions rooted in biotechnology broadly across supply chains and ecosystems; and
Enhance research that combines computational, experimental, and data-based capabilities to accelerate the discovery, design, and validation of new materials.
Advancing Arctic Technology and Operational Capability
Recognizing the strategic importance of the Arctic to shared security, prosperity, and resilience, the Participants intend to support close collaboration on Arctic operations, ice navigation, maritime domain awareness, cold-weather testing, and enabling technologies. Recognizing Finland’s established leadership in icebreaker design and construction, the Participants intend to collaborate on icebreaker modernization efforts and related shipyard and workforce development.
The Participants intend to accelerate industrial cooperation and to modernize the United States’ icebreaker fleet under ICE Pact, leveraging Finnish expertise to support the secure and timely design, construction, and delivery of next-generation Arctic Security Cutters (ASCs). Expanding this framework, the Participants intend to explore possibilities to deepen their collaboration in ship design and shipbuilding technologies, processes, and shipyard management. Furthermore, the Participants intend to jointly invest in enabling technologies such as SI-driven manufacturing, ice technology, unmanned systems, and space-enabled situational awareness.
The Participants recognize the strategic importance of advancing Arctic connectivity including both satellite and submarine communication services. The Participants intend to advocate policies and commercial cooperation that enhance satellite coverage at high latitudes and support the establishment of subsea communication cables in the Arctic region, thereby strengthening connectivity between North America and Northern Europe and, eventually, the Indo-Pacific region.
Strengthening Security in Research and Industry
Recognizing the importance of shared research integrity and security across critical and emerging technology research and development, the Participants intend to strengthen continued collaboration to protect their technologies, their critical supply chains, and their people. The Participants intend to collaborate on research and industry security, and to identify and mitigate threats to both the research enterprise and private sector research and development.
Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:
Strengthening security in research and industry through intellectual property security, investment screening, and partnerships;
Building trusted science and innovation ecosystems by mitigating high-risk entity participation in sensitive science and technology R&D activities;
Strengthening safeguards and enforcement mechanisms for government-funded research and talent programs by enhancing disclosure of foreign funding and affiliations in order to mitigate and address security risks related to partnerships with entities of shared security concerns;
Establishing a bilateral research security dialogue and information exchange on threats, cases, risk assessments, mitigation efforts, and entities of security concern;
Collaborating with allies and partners to adopt enhanced research security practices to facilitate a trusted innovation ecosystem;
Enhancing transparency and due diligence across the innovation ecosystem by strengthening vetting of research institutions, researchers, partnerships, and funding and implementing safeguards against foreign interference and malign talent recruitment; and
Applying shared research integrity and security principles across TPD workstreams to guide collaboration, protect sensitive R&D activities, and inform future research and industrial security programming.
III. Operation and Discontinuation
1. This MOU becomes operative on the date of the last signature. The Participants may modify this MOU by written mutual decision. Either Participant may discontinue this MOU at any time by providing written notice of discontinuation to the other Participant. The discontinuation is expected to commence on a date 180 days after the date on which notice of discontinuation is delivered. The Participants intend to advance the implementation of the MOU through the Joint Committee Meeting mechanism. The Participants intend to leverage, as appropriate, the Science and Technology Agreement as an operational framework for implementation of this MOU.
2. This MOU does not constitute or create and is not intended to constitute or create any legally binding obligations. Nothing in this MOU is intended to alter or affect any existing agreements between the Participants.
3. Cooperation under this MOU is intended to take place in accordance with the Participants’ applicable national legislation and international obligations, including, for Finland, applicable current and future European Union coordination, laws, and regulations, and without prejudice to the Participants’ respective regulatory processes.
4. Nothing in this MOU commits the Participants to the expenditure of funds.
5. Activities involving personal data are intended to comply with applicable data-protection frameworks. Nothing in this MOU authorizes the disclosure or transfer of classified, controlled, confidential business, or proprietary information. Matters involving the ownership, protection, access, use, licensing, or commercialization of intellectual property are expected to be addressed through separate implementing arrangements or project-specific agreements, as appropriate.
6. The foregoing represents the understanding reached between the Participants on the matters referred to in this MOU.
Signed in Washington, D.C. on October 29 in English.
[1] In Finland, ‘super intelligence’ refers to ‘artificial intelligence’